PCT Southbound Gear List & Strategy 2024
pct southbound vs. northbound: what you need to know about pct sobo
Updated April 30th, 2024
Mike Unger is one of a handful of people to have thru-hiked the PCT Northbound and Southbound.
Mike Unger is one of few people in the world to thru-hike the PCT northbound (NOBO) twice and once southbound (SOBO). Together, with input from editors Naomi Hudetz and Liz Thomas, this PCT gear list explains differences between northbound and southbound PCT thru-hikes and section-hikes, what gear to carry, and how to prepare for each section of a southbound PCT hike.
Our goal is to set you up for success on your hike from Canada to Mexico using what we’ve learned from our southbound thru-hikes, including 7 PCT thru-hikes, and more than 50,000 miles of trail experience.
Looking for general PCT information? See our PCT Gear List & Strategy.
Going on a long hike or hike? See our stories on Best Backpacking Backpacks, Sleeping Bags, or Backpacking Tents.
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The Pacific Crest Trail is a 2,650-mile long hiking and riding trail from Canada to Mexico. It can be approached Northbound or Southbound. Photo by John Carr.
what is a southbound Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) hike?
The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) is a 2,650-mile hiking and riding trail between Canada and Mexico through Washington, Oregon, and California along the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges. The majority of PCT thru-hikers set off in the spring from the Mexican border hoping to arrive in Canada before the fall cold and snow (these hikers are called northbounders or NOBOs). However, an increasing number of hikers are starting the PCT at the Canadian border in the summer (June and July) and walking south to Mexico. These hikers are called southbounders or SOBOs.
PCT Southbounders get some of the best wildflower displays in Washington and Oregon. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
Regardless of which direction you thru-hike, the PCT typically takes 4-5 months to hike from end-to-end. Hikers travel through deserts and mountain ranges at elevations near sea level to over 13,000’. Therefore, thru-hikers must be prepared for a wide range of conditions and will likely need to make one or two significant gear changes during the trip (see below for SOBO gear switch strategy).
About the author: My southbound hike of the PCT was my third PCT thru-hike. I northbounded the PCT in 2006 and 2009. I have also southbounded the Continental Divide Trail from Canada to Mexico twice, as well as thru-hiked the Appalachian Trail and Arizona Trail both twice. I’ve thru-hiked the Pacific Northwest Trail, Great Divide Trail, Grand Enchantment Trail, and several other long trails. I have over 25,000 miles of long trail miles over the last 14 years. I based this story on my experience southbounding the PCT and other long-distance trails.
PCT Southbound Gear Lists
For those folks who prefer to read about gear in list form, we provide two gear lists — a lightweight and ultralight gear list.
These lists do not include gear that you don’t need to carry for the entire trail, such as a bear canister.
We go into more detail about the seasonal gear we carried in our southbound gear list strategy section. This is a lightweight gear strategy that tailors gear to the climate and weather challenges of a southbound PCT hike. It reflects all the gear that we used as well as when and where we switched gear out for other gear.
We also discuss why we switched out certain items at certain points in our southbound resupply and gear switch strategy section.
Finally, we have a sections devoted to our favorite gear of our PCT southbound thru hike, as well as what gear we would change on our next PCT thru hike.
PCT SOBO Gear List
| Gear | Model | Weight (ounces) | Weight (ounces) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pack, Shelter, Sleeping | Women | Men | |
| Backpack | Six Moon Designs Swift X | 38.90 | 38.90 |
| Waterproof Pack Liner | Six Moon Designs Pack Liner | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Shelter | Six Moon Designs Skyscape Trekker | 26.00 | 26.00 |
| Tent Stakes x 7 | MSR Ground Hog | 3.50 | 3.50 |
PCT SOBO Sub-8 Lb Ultralight Gear List
| Gear | Model | Weight (Ounces) | Weight (Ounces) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pack, Shelter, Sleeping | Women | Men | |
| Backpack | Mountain Laurel Designs Prophet | 17.50 | 17.50 |
| Waterproof Pack Liner | Trash Compactor Bag | 1.70 | 1.70 |
| Shelter | Six Moon Designs Gatewood Cape | 11.00 | 11.00 |
| 7 Tent Stakes | Vargo Titanium Stakes | 1.75 | 1.75 |
Liz Thomas as a northbound PCT hiker at Forrester Pass in June. Photo courtesy Liz Thomas
Mike Unger as a southbound PCT hiker at Forrester Pass in October. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
PCT Northbound vs. Southbound
Differences between a PCT northbound and southbound thru-hike
Most southbound thru-hikers start in June or July and finish by October or November. Northbound thru-hikers, in contrast, start between March and May and finish in Setimptember or October. NOBOs and SOBOs see the PCT in different seasons, which creates special challenges for each type of thru-hike. Here’s what southbound hikers should keep in mind.
For southbound hikers, days get shorter and the pressure of incoming snow and fall weather keeps you moving. Photo courtesy Liz Thomas
SOUTHBOUNDERS HAVE LESS TIME TO START AND FINISH THE HIKE
According to a multi-year self-reported survey of PCT thru-hikers, the average completion time for southbounders is 29 days shorter than for northbounders. We think there are several reasons:
Shorter weather window: Southbounders will want to start at the northern terminus when there is not too much dangerous snow in the Cascades. However, they must complete the Sierra portion of the hike before the snow hits the high mountains. For most hikers, this means starting your hike in mid-June or early July and trying to get through the Sierra by early October. Southbounders start the trail with more awareness of their need to make miles than northbounders. In conversations with southbounders, it’s not uncommon to hear, “I was going to take a zero, but I’ve got to keep moving to make it before the snow hits the Sierra.”
Town Days are Less Appealing: For many hikers, the social aspect of the PCT is one of the main attractions to the adventure. However, as there are fewer southbounders, you’re less likely to form a tramily (trail-family) or find hikers to share a room with in town.
Getting to the Northern terminus of the PCT can be one of the hurdles to southbounding the PCT. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
GETTING TO THE NORTHERN PCT TERMINUS IS LOGISTICALLY MORE DIFFICULT THAN GETTING TO THE SOUTHERN PCT TERMINUS
It’s relatively easy to reach the southern terminus of the PCT. In the past, trail angels like Barney and Sandy Mann (Scout and Frodo) have picked northbound hikers up from the San Diego airport and delivered them to the trailhead at Campo, CA. Additionally, it’s possible to take a public bus from San Diego to the southern terminus.
The northern terminus of the PCT is not so easy to reach. Most hikers find a family member, friend, or trail angel on a PCT forum who can drop them off. Unfortunately, Border Patrol hasn’t made it legal to hike from Canada south to the northern terminus at the border. Instead, it must be approached by hiking north from Hart’s Pass in Washington State.
How to get to the PCT Northern Terminus:
The PCTA’s website outlines how to use public transit to get from Seattle to the northern terminus. (Mazama is the closest town to the Northern Terminus). From Mazama, it’s not difficult to get a hitch to Hart’s Pass.
The road to Hart’s Pass is best taken with a high clearance vehicle.
From Hart’s Pass, you need to hike the PCT north for ~30 miles to reach the northern terminus. Once you reach the northern terminus, you will have to turn around and re-hike the section you just walked. Fortunately, this is one of the most beautiful stretches of the entire trail.
Southbound PCT hikers must be prepared to navigate snowfields from the get-go. Photo by Mike Unger.
WASHINGTON CASCADE SNOW CAN BE CHALLENGING FOR PCT SOUTHBOUNDERS
Snow can linger in the northern Washington Cascade Mountains well into July. There can be some treacherous snow traverses in those first few weeks of trail. All southbounders (or PCT hikers for that matter), should read up on how to use an ice axe and basic mountaineering skills and take classes in how to safely navigate and cross snowfields, ford rivers, and properly use an ice axe before starting their thru-hike.
We strongly recommend you track snow conditions using data from the Harts Pass Snotel. If possible, don’t start your southbound hike until Harts Pass has been snow-free for a couple of weeks.
We recommend reading about Thru-hiking Risk Assessment and Safe Decision Making before you go. Even if it isn’t a big snow year, there are useful tips on navigating snow and river fords in How to Prepare to Thru-hiking in a Big Snow Year. This information is especially important for southbound hikers as they will likely be starting the trail with snow and high river crossings. Additionally, watch this video of a panel of thru-hikers who traveled in high snow years for tips that apply to any thru-hiker who will be walking on snow.
We believe that mid-July is the optimal time to start a southbound PCT thru hike because it allows time for the northern Cascades to melt out. The downside to a late start is the risk you will need to hike quickly to make it through the Sierra before the fall storms.
For southbounders, mountain lakes tend to be free of mosquitos! Northern California mosquitoes can be quite annoying for most NOBO PCT hikers. However, gnats at lower elevations can be annoying for southbounders. Photo by Liz Thomas
GNATS AND MOSQUITOS
Southbounders and northbounders are likely to experience bugs in different parts of the trail. Southbounders may see many mosquitos in Washington and fewer in California. Northbounders may see many mosquitos in Northern California and Oregon and few in Washington. We recommend all PCT hikers carry DEET or Picardin bug repellent and treat their clothing and gear with Permethrin before starting the hike.
However, for the most part, southbounders alone have to deal with gnats. Gnats form clouds and can follow a hiker for miles. They live in oak and scrub forests at elevations around 2,000-7,000 feet--so most southbound thru-hikers encounter them in Northern California. Many southbounders use a head net in northern California and parts of southern California. Those who didn’t carry a headnet wish they did.
Sunset comes earlier and earlier for southbound hikers. Photo by Liz Thomas
LESS DAYLIGHT, LONGER NIGHTS
Most southbounders start their hike after the Summer Solstice, the longest day of the year. This means that each day will get shorter and each night longer over the course of the thru-hike. You may start the PCT in Canada with over 15 hours of daylight per day, but finish the PCT at the Mexican border with 10 hours of daylight. To make the same amount of miles per day in the south as you did in the north, you may need to night hike. We recommend carrying a good headlamp and back-up batteries.
PCT Southbounders should expect to see their first snow by mid-September. Here, a storm came in between Sierra City and Echo Lake. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
EARLY FALL SIERRA SNOW
The Sierra are the highest elevation section of the whole PCT, reaching up to 13,150 feet at Forrester Pass. These high elevations get hit with snow early in the autumn. Snow can fall for days or weeks straight at 10,000 feet at up. Because the Sierra is so remote with many steep slopes, it’s a bad place to get trapped. The Sierra is also the longest stretch of the PCT between road crossings and doesn’t have cell reception. Southbounders thru-hikers will want to be over Forrester Pass before the main snow starts falling, a date many hikers predict is October 15th.
The Sierras regularly get a mid to late September snow that is a big wake-up call for thru-hikers. Often, temperatures will warm up for a few more weeks or even more than a month before the end of the season truly comes. However, the Sierra will consistently get below freezing each night in the autumn. We highly recommend carrying a Personal Locator Beacon or satellite messenger to keep in touch with family members, especially in case of unexpected snow.
Water caches left for northbound hikers may be empty by the time southbounders get to them many months later. Trail magic and trail angels, unexpected food and drinks from strangers, are also less common for southbounders. Photo by John Carr.
WATER CACHES MAY BE DRY
No thru-hiker should rely on water caches through the desert or dry sections of the PCT--but that’s especially true for southbounders. Trail angels who leave plentiful water for northbounders don’t always continue caching during the summer months.
Caches leftover from the spring may have leaked, sprouted algae, or been completely used up.
Even though desert temperatures are sometimes cooler for southbounders than northbounders, SOBOs should expect to carry enough water containers to manage 30-miles between reliable creeks or springs. Despite cooler temperatures in the desert, we still recommend carrying electrolyte powder due to the distance between water sources, exertion, dry air, and altitude.
LIMITED TRAIL ANGELS
Some PCT Trail angels operate hostels out of their homes during northbounder season, but may not be open to accepting hikers during southbounder season. As a southbounder, you should plan your trip and town stays accordingly.
LIMITED SERVICES AND STORE HOURS
Some small towns and resorts along the PCT may have limited hours or days of operation after Labor Day. Towards the end of the season, some stores or restaurants may be completely closed. You may have fewer resupply options and may have longer hauls of food between resupply.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA/MOST PLACES WILL BE COOLER
One benefit of southbounding, however, is that temperatures in Southern California can be cooler, so you may not need as much water as a northbounder covering the same miles.
Small resort towns like Sierra City do not offer the same services or hours of operation after Labor Day weekend. Photo by John Carr.
Northbounders ascending the south side of Glen Pass in June. Photo by Mike Unger.
Southbounders descend the south side of Glen Pass in September or October. Photo by Liz Thomas.
Timing differences for pct southbound vs. northbound
Whether hiking north or south on the PCT, the challenges are similar: sun/heat exposure, mosquitoes, occasional rain and cold, snow travel, creek fords, and generalized wear and tear on one’s body and equipment. Our PCT Gear & Strategy story explains how to navigate these challenges.
The biggest difference between a northbound and southbound is when you encounter these challenges. Many of these challenges can be addressed through a combination of gear and skills. We address where and when to switch out and pick up certain gear items below in our Southbound Gear Switching Strategy.
Northbound PCT Challenges
All PCT hikers—regardless of whether northbound or southbound—should take a class in how to safely navigate on snow and self arrest. Photo by Mike Unger.
The trail starts in one of the hottest, driest, most sun-exposed sections; however, the nights can be among the coldest.
There can be dangerous snow conditions and creek fords in the Sierra.
Mosquitoes can be demoralizing through northern California and Oregon and will often require gear aimed at bug management.
Rain and cold, with the potential of snow, is very possible in Washington.
Southbounders contend with short days and long nights as well as cooler temperatures. Photo courtesy Mike Unger
Southbound PCT Challenges
Northern Washington in early summer can have dangerous snow conditions and the most physically demanding trail conditions. This may require starting the trail with heavier snow gear.
Mosquitoes can be miserable in Washington and Oregon. The mosquitoes are mostly gone by California, but you will encounter the occasional swarm of gnats throughout California.
The Sierra can be cold and stormy.
Southern California can be warm or cold with very long dry sections. The days are very short in late October and November. Therefore, most thru-hikers will be required to do some hiking in the dark of mornings and evenings.
Water sources and caches may be dry
Because late summer and fall are the most common times for wildfires, southbounders have a higher chance of having to get off trail or skip sections due to fire closures.
Permits
PCT Long-Distance Permit
Permits are required to hike the PCT southbound and are issued by the Pacific Crest Trail Association (PCTA). In the past, southbound permits were easier to get than northbound permits; that's no longer the case, unfortunately. The PCTA only issues 15 permits per day for start dates between June 16 and July 31.
To apply for a permit, you'll need to register with the PCTA permit portal 2 weeks before permits are released. In the past, the PCTA has released all southbound permits on one day, usually in January. The day before permits are released, you'll be randomly assigned a time to log in and apply for a permit. The later in the day your time slot is, the lower your chances are of getting a permit.
The PCTA long-distance permit covers the entire length of the PCT, including North Cascades National Park, the Central Cascades Wilderness Permit, and the portion of the John Muir Trail in the Sierra that is the same as the PCT.
Read more about the PCTA permits on their website.
Mt. Whitney
The long-distance PCT permit allows you to day-hike to the summit of Mt. Whitney (the highest point in the lower 48), even though it is not part of the PCT. However, you're not allowed to camp east of the Crabtree Ranger Station or hike east of the Mt. Whitney summit. In other words, you can't exit through the Whitney Portal.
Since permits to climb Mt. Whitney are extremely hard to get, and you'll be acclimated to the altitude, it's worth summiting Whitney if weather and scheduling permits.
California Fire Permit
If you want to use a stove in California, you'll need a free California Fire Permit. Take the quiz, and print one from the website. Keep in mind that this permit does not give you permission to have a campfire.
Entering the U.S. From Canada
There is no permit to enter the U.S. from Manning Park in Canada. It's illegal; don't even try. To start at the Canadian border, you'll need to hike 30 miles north from Harts Pass 30 on the PCT, then retrace your steps.
Read more about entering the U.S. from Canada on the PCTA website.
Navigation
FarOut
The FarOut phone app (the app formerly known as Guthook) is by far the most popular navigation app on the PCT – and for good reason. It has everything you need to hike the PCT – mileage, water information, town information, elevation profiles, and downloadable maps. Other hikers post comments about current conditions, such as how much water is left in a water cache.
Gaia
The Gaia phone app is strictly a navigation aid, but it can be used even when you don't have cell phone coverage as long as you download the maps before you leave. It has additional map layers with the paid version:
Cell coverage (T-Mobile, US Cellular, Verizon, AT&T)
Private land overlay
Public land overlay
NatGeo Trails Illustrated
Native Land Territories
Shaded relief
USFS Roads and Trails
Wildfires (current)
Light pollution
Precip forecast
Snow forecast
We've found the Verizon coverage map to be incredibly helpful and surprisingly accurate.
National Geographic Trails Illustrated Maps
National Geographic produced 11 waterproof map booklets that cover the entire PCT at a scale of 1:75,000. They're not perfect, but they're extremely helpful. We recommend carrying paper maps in case your phone or GPS unit fails.
K. Scott Parks Maps
The K. Scott Parks Maps are another option for paper maps. Again, they're not perfect and a little outdated, but still a good option.
PCT Southbound Resupply and Gear Strategy
Regardless of one’s direction, you will likely need to adjust your hiking kit for the changing conditions and seasons you’ll experience on the PCT. For more on general PCT gear strategy, see our PCT Gear Strategy and Gear List.
In 2019, I southbounded the PCT starting in mid-July and finishing in mid-November. Here are the three distinct gear swaps that I did.
Mid-Summer PCT Kit
For the Washington section of the PCT, many southbounders can get away with a mid-summer kit, including a lightweight tarp. This was Mike Unger’s set-up for the PCT in Washington. Photo by Mike Unger
I started with my standard summer kit (see below). This includes a 30-degree sleeping quilt and limited insulation layers. Summer rainstorms are common in the Washington Cascades, so decent rain gear is essential.
Southbounders who start the in June or hike during big snow years in the Cascades will want to bring snow gear, including an ice axe (and have the skills to use it).
Related: The Best Rain Jackets
By mid-September, southbound thru-hikers may want to switch their gear to something with more coverage. Fall snow is likely to hit southbounders in the Sierra. Photo by Mike Unger.
Fall PCT Sierra Kit
In mid-September, when I reached Echo Lake near Lake Tahoe (mile 1560.8 for southbounders), I added cold-weather gear (see my fall gear list below). For the Sierra, I included a 15-degree quilt, fleece insulation layer, and tights. I also swapped out a down puffy coat for a synthetic puffy.
I also added a bear can (as required by the National Park Service for backpacking in the Sierra) and switched to a larger pack to accommodate the bear can and extra clothes. I had wished I had added my cold-weather gear a week early (like at Sierra City at mile 1457). I had days of rain, snow, and sub-freezing temperatures between Sierra City and Echo Lake.
I recommend reading our Late Season Thru-hiking Gear on small items that can be added during the Fall to make a big difference in warmth. At minimum, the Sierra section is when southbounders should at least pick up a synthetic insulated jacket or a more robust down jacket for cooler temperatures at altitude and potentially wetter weather.
Southbound PCT hikers (generally) won’t experience the same heat in Southern California as northbound PCT hikers. Photo by Liz Thomas
Southern California Fall PCT Kit
I dropped my bear can and some of my cooler weather gear from the Sierra to accommodate for warmer temperatures in Southern California.
Still, southbounder hikers won’t experience the same heat in Southern California as northbound hikers. Additionally, most southbound hikers have toughened their feet up by the time they reach the desert, so are less prone to the blisters common for northbound hikers.
Below, you can see my gear list for all of the distinct segments of my southbound PCT thru-hike. Below is a list of my favorite gear. I also have a list of the small things that improved my PCT thru-hiking experience.
PCT Southbound Section Hike
Treeline Review editor Liz Thomas southbound section-hiked the PCT. Cascade Locks has become a popular point to begin or end section hikes because of its monument. Photo by Liz Thomas.
Section hikers have more flexibility than thru hikers in deciding what month they will hike through which section of the trail. This means they can avoid crowds, bugs, and snow.
Southbounding section hikers have the added advantage of hitting certain regions during cooler weather and more moderate temperatures.
Treeline Review editor Liz Thomas section hiked from Cascade Locks to Northern California last year. This section is notoriously hot for northbound thru-hikers. However, she was able to experience the trail without bugs or the heat.
An advantage of section hiking southbound is that the trail tends to be less crowded. You may intersect with northbound thru-hikers for a few weeks, but otherwise will have the trail to yourself.
PCT Southbound: Favorite Gear
Southbound PCT hikers use their gear at different times than northbound hikers. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
There are always a few items that stand out on a thru-hike. Some, like my wind shirt, are long-time favorites from many other thru-hikes, including my northbound PCT thru-hikes.
My Garmin Instinct altimeter watch, headlamp, and gravity water system are relatively new additions to my hiking kit and proved to be particularly beneficial to a southbound PCT thru-hike, where water and daylight can be more limited. Alongside other Treeline Review writers who have thru-hiked the PCT, you can see my reflections on my favorite PCT gear items.
The Biolite headlamp in the Sierra. Photo by Liz Thomas
BioLite HeadLamp
I did a lot of night hiking on my southbound PCT hike. During the final month, I usually hiked by headlamp 3-4 hours a day. Fortunately, the BioLite HeadLamp 330 served me well. Compared to other headlamps, it sits flat and fits comfortably beneath my hat. The light beam could be easily angled to illuminate the trail ahead.
The BioLite has an adjustable strength spot, beam, and red light modes. I found the lowest power level (which offers 40 hours of battery life between recharges) was sufficient for in-shelter use, I seldom needed the highest power level (3.5 hours of battery life between recharges) for night hiking.
This was my first trip with a USB rechargeable headlamp. While I know some people are skeptical of USB headlamps, I appreciated not having to carry extra batteries. The headlamp could be quickly charged from my backup battery using a standard micro USB cable. The headlamp has a power indicator and could be charged while in use.
During the final portion of my hike, when I was using the headlamp several hours per day, I would typically plug the headlamp in for 20-30 minutes a night, and I would be ready for the next day’s night hiking.
Mike wore the same Patagonia Houdini windshirt on the Arizona Trail (shown here) as he did on his PCT southbound. He’s owned three of these windshirts, which have lasted him 25,000 trail miles. Photo by Naomi Hudetz.
Patagonia Houdini Wind Shirt
I have carried a Patagonia Houdini wind shirt (men’s and women’s) on every long hike (including two complete Triple Crowns). It has been my single favorite piece of gear on every long hike.
I’ve owned three Houdini wind shirts over the last 13 years and 25,000+ long trail miles. I also carry the wind shirt on all weekend trips and most day hikes. I wore the wind shirt nearly every day of my PCT hike. It is perfect for cool mornings and evenings, provides excellent mosquito protection, and is an essential part of my cold-weather layering system.
I know some folks think lightweight rain jackets make a wind shirt unnecessary. I don’t agree. I think a wind shirt is much more versatile. It is more comfortable to wear in mild conditions. When not in use, it can be carried in your pants/shorts pocket. Additionally, casual use of your rain gear can clog up its waterproof membrane and make it less effective in the long run. Frequent use of rain gear when it’s not raining can also degrade its long-term durability.
Mike Unger set watch alarms during his PCT SOBO hike to remind himself to drink water and as a warning for sunset. Photo by Mike Unger.
Garmin Instinct Watch
I believe a good altimeter watch is essential for trips that will require navigation. Knowing the time traveled and elevation helps to know where you are. For my PCT Southbound, I customized a hiking mode on the Garmin Instinct that showed my altitude, cumulative elevation gain/loss, heart rate, and temperature (I used the Garmin Tempe to see an accurate temperature reading on my watch).
On my thru-hike, I kept the GPS turned off to save battery life. That means I didn’t use the watch to measure distance traveled. However, I was able to track my number of steps.
I also set special alarms on the watch to warn me that sunset was in 10 minutes (to get my headlamp out or to warn to loo for a campsite). I also set alarms to remind me to drink water every hour during the hike. Because both daylight and water sources are more limited on a PCT Southbound than a PCT Northbound, setting these alarms was beneficial. With the GPS off, I was able to go at least five days between charges, which was the time it took for me to get between most town stops.
You can read my Long Term Review of the Garmin Instinct including what settings I used on the PCT. You can also read the review of the newer version of the watch, the Garmin Instinct 2. The Garmin Instinct was previously the overall winner in the Best GPS and ABC watches and now the overall winner is the Garmin Instinct 2.
Mike Unger filters water using the BeFree filter south of Kennedy Meadows on the PCT. Photo by Liz Thomas
CNOC Vecto Water Container and Sawyer Gravity Filter System
Water can be a bigger issue for southbound PCT hikers than northbound PCT hikers. Many water sources that run from snowmelt in the spring dry up by the time southbounders get there.
I started using the CNOC water containers in 2018 for a hike of the Grand Enchantment Trail, a rough desert and mountain route between Phoenix and Albuquerque.
Since then, I have used CNOC bags for over 6,000 miles of long trails, including the Arizona Trail. I have found the CNOC bags much more durable than Platypus bladders or Sawyer water bags. My 2-liter CNOC bags have been dropped, squeezed, and carried through thorny brush. I’ve never had one fail. I can’t say the same for Platypus or Sawyer bags.
I like to use my CNOC as a gravity system with the Sawyer Squeeze filter. You use a Sawyer coupler to attach two CNOC bags to a filter. Using this system, I can filter two liters in less than five minutes--all hands-free without any squeezing. I strongly recommend using Nite Ize Gear Ties to hang the CNOC/Sawyer gravity system.
Mike Unger reached the PCT southern terminus in November, finishing this 3rd PCT thru-hike. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
The Little Things That Improved My PCT Thru-Hike
Sometimes it’s the little things that improve a hike or help you manage the day-to-day trail grind. Below is a list of some of my favorite little things I carried.
Many of these items are so good them are featured in our story on Backpacking Essential Accessories.
Caring for blisters and gear repair and maintenance can ensure you’ll be able to stay on the PCT for the long haul. Photo by John Carr.
TRAIL TOES ANTI-FRICTION BALM
Trail Toes was designed for ultra runners to prevent blisters and chafing, but it works equally well for hikers. I like to start “pre-conditioning” my feet a few weeks before a long hike. I will also use Trail Toes for trail sections where my feet are likely to be wet for stretches. Trail Toes also works well as an alternative to Body Glide for areas of chafing.
LEUKOTAPE
Leukotape is a high strength sports tape. I use it for blisters or to cover “hot spots” on my feet. I think it works much better than duct tape. Leukotape will stay in place for days.
DIAPER PINS
I always have a couple of diaper pins attached to a strap on my pack. They work great for securely attaching socks, a bandana, or other small clothing items that you may be drying as you hike. I have found that diaper pins are much more secure and durable than standard safety pins.
Tenacious Tape
I always carry Tenacious Tape in my backpacking kit. I use it to patch small holes in my down jacket, quilt, and shelter. The tape is extremely durable. I’ve had the same Tenacious Tape patches on my down jacket for nearly ten years. The tape has stayed in place through multiple washings.
Croakies
I hike in glasses. I hate it when they slip; therefore, I use Croakies for my glasses and sunglasses. Croakies are also convenient for holding my glasses around my neck.
Buff
I love the Buff. I sleep almost every night on the trail with a buff covering my head. I pair it with a light fleece cap on really cold nights. During cold days the buff provides neck, face, or head protection. Plus, because it comes in dozens of colors and patterns, it gives the opportunity to show a little personal flair.
Related: Backpacking Essential Accessories
Small Comb (When Hiking in Cactus Country)
Cactus, and in particular Cholla Cactus, is the bane of desert hiking. Trying to remove a Cholla can often result in the cactus becoming more embedded. A basic hair comb makes it easy to remove a Cholla or other cactus.
Little things That improved my Hike Summary Table
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt | 1.9 | Throughout | 2,650 | |
| Diaper Pins | 0.1 | Throughout | 2,650 | |
| Anti-Friction Balm - Trail Toes | 3.2 | Throughout | 2,650 | |
| Leukotape | 3.0 | Throughout | 2,650 | |
| Croakies | 1.0 | Throughout | 2,650 | I hike in glasses. I hate when they slip; therefore, I use Croakies for my glassess and sun glasses. |
Mike Unger on the PCT near Timberline Lodge. Photo by Naomi Hudetz
PCT Southbound Gear List: What I Would Change
My current kit and systems, like my dual pad sleep setup, were developed after years of frustration with inflatable sleeping pads. I was really happy with my “big three” items (Katabatic Liteskin 50L and V40 65L backpacks, Katabatic Gear Palisade 30° and Sawatch 15°F quilts, and Six Moon Designs Lunar Solo and Skyscape Trekker shelters).
While I swapped out my “big three” during the hike, it wasn’t because I disliked them. It was because as temperatures and conditions changed, I required warmer gear.
Still, in an effort to improve my system with every hike, here are a few of the gear kit changes I would make.
Mike carried a fanny pack for 1,700 miles of the PCT to store snacks and his camera. Here, it is shown with a lot of wear towards the end of his trip in Southern California. Photo by Liz Thomas.
DUMP THE FANNY PACK
I carried a fanny pack for the final two-thirds of the hike. I loved the easy access to snacks, hand sanitizer, lip balm, toothbrush, etc. that the fanny pack provided.
Last year on the PCT, many hikers carried fanny packs made by Patagonia and Cotopaxi. In the Fall, ultralight backpacking specific brands like Hyperlite Mountain Gear and Gossamer Gear designed models for thru-hikers.
After carrying a fanny pack for 1700 miles, I found it annoying to have another strap around my waist (in addition to my pack’s hip belt and a belt holding up my pants).
In lieu of the fanny pack, next time, I would add bigger hip belt pockets and a waterproof shoulder pouch or two to my backpack (see below).
Add a shoulder pocket
I would add a waterproof shoulder pouch to my pack. For the first time in years, I carried a camera on this trip. Previously I had been using my phone to take photos. During my hike, I carried the camera in my front pants pocket. It was not convenient to pull the camera out, so, as a consequence, I took fewer photos than I would have liked.
I think a large shoulder pocket, like that from Hyperlite Mountain Gear or Gossamer Gear, would have been an excellent addition to make it easier to access my camera.
Bigger Hipbelt Pockets
I love the Katabatic Backpacks (now discontinued). However, their biggest flaw was that the hip pockets are not very big and can be difficult to access. I plan to keep using a Katabatic pack, but I will add Gossamer Gear’s large hip belt pockets.
PCT Southbound Gear Strategy
The following is my gear list as it applies to a southbound hike. We' also list a PCT Ultralight Gear List and PCT Comfort Gear List in our PCT Gear Strategy story.
Like most southbounders, I changed out gear for the colder conditions in the Sierra. I used the hike to try out some new gear, like a fanny pack and different shelters.
Below is the explanation of when and why I traded out different gear.
Campsites can get crowded when southbounders and northbounders intersect, usually around Oregon. Photo courtesy Mike Unger.
Shelter
I used three different shelters on my PCT Southbound hike. I started in Washington with an ultralight tarp with bug net: the Mountain Laurel Designs Patrol Tarp with Serenity Bugnet Shelter.
However, I switched to larger (and heavier) single person shelters because I wanted more room for me and my gear (the Six Moon Designs Lunar Solo and Six Moon Designs Skyscape Trekker). I prefer to sleep with my pack and all my gear inside the tent, and that’s not as easy in the Patrol Tarp and Serenity Bugnet.
I did not use a groundsheet. I don't think groundsheets are necessary for any of the shelters I used. I had no punctures on this trip; however, if I had, I would have used Tenacious Tape to patch the hole.
You can read other backpacking shelter recommendations in our Best Backpacking Tents guide.
thru-hiking Shelter Comparison Table
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MLD Patrol Tarp (DCF) with Serenity Bug Net | 14.5 | Canada to Packwood, WA | 350 | The tarp provided great wind and rain protection. The big problem for me was that the Serenity Bug Net is small. I found it difficult to dress/undress in the bug net. |
| Six Moon Designs Lunar Solo | 26.0 | Packwood, WA to Mammoth, CA | 1,400 | The Lunar Solo was very spacious for a one person shelter. It did well in the rain and snow. |
| Six Moon Designs Skyscape Trekker | 28.0 | Mammouth, CA to Mexico | 900 | I liked the head room and narrow footprint. The shelter was able to the withstand the high winds of So.Cal. |
| MSR Groundhog Stakes | 0.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | These stakes are on the heavy side, but they handle rocky conditions much better than ultralight stakes. |
For the PCT SOBO, Mike Unger traded out the Thermarest Z-Lite (yellow pad on top) for the Nemo Switchback (orange pad on bottom). This photo was taken at a PCT trailhead near Bend, Oregon. Photo by Liz Thomas.
Sleep System
Sleeping Pad
Sleep is critically important for recovery and endurance on a long-distance hike. I would never criticize someone for the system they use to get a good night’s sleep. I love the comfort of a thick inflatable pad like the Therm-a-Rest NeoAir XLite. Unfortunately, I have had too many inflatable pads puncture out on me in the middle of a trip.
To avoid issues associated with deflating inflatable pads, I have tried sleeping on a basic foam pad like the Therm-a-Rest Z Lite. Unfortunately, I’ve discovered over several thru-hikes that I am not able to sleep comfortably with only a foam pad.
My solution has been to combine a foam pad with an extra small (36”) Therm-a-Rest ProLite. The ProLites are more durable than NeoAirs and other inflatable pads. Combined with a foam pad, the ProLite provides me with enough comfort to sleep through the night. I’ve never had a ProLite fail, but if it did, I would still have the foam pad as a backup. I use short pads because I put my pack beneath my legs for extra cushioning (and because my legs generally require less padding than my torso and hip area).
Unfortunately, Therm-a-Rest no longer makes the extra small ProLite. The shortest ProLite is 47” and weighs three ounces more. When my XS ProLite wears out, I will probably go back to my old system that paired a short foam pad with the Gossamer Gear Sit Light Sleeping Pad (torso length).
You can read more sleeping pad recommendations in our guide to The Best Backpacking Sleeping Pads.
Sleeping Quilt
I prefer quilts to sleeping bags. They are lighter and more versatile. On warm nights I can use the quilt more like a blanket, and on cold nights I can cinch them tightly to my sleeping pad to stay warm. I have used the same Katabatic Palisade 30 degree quilt since 2014 and over 10,000 trail miles. It remains true to the temperature rating. After every long trip, I wash it with Nikwax Down Wash, and its original loft returns. From the Sierra south, when temperatures dropped, I switched to Katabatic’s Sawatch 15 degree quilt. If you think you’d prefer a sleeping bag to a quilt, see our guide to The Best Backpacking Sleeping Bags.
Sleeping System for PCT Southbound
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katabatic Palisade Quilt (30 degree) | 17.5 | Canada to Echo Lake, CA | 1,550 | This was the perfect quilt for the mild nights. Once I started experiencing temps in the 20s, I slept in my down jacket to maintain warmth. |
| Katabatic Sawatch Quilt (15 degree) | 25.6 | Echo Lake, CA to Mexico | 1,100 | The 15 degree quilt kept me comfortably warm during the 20 degree nights in the Sierra without needing to sleep in extra clothes. The quilt was too warm in the mild So. Cal. nights. |
| Nemo Switchback Sleeping Pad (Short) | 10.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | I used the Nemo as an alternative to the Therm-a-Rest Z-Lite. The pad lasted the entire hike and does not seem too compressed. |
| Therm-A-Rest Pro Lite (XS) | 8.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | I carried the XS (36") size to provide extra comfort and warmth. Unfortunately, Therm-a-Rest no longer makes the XS size. Their smallest is a 47" version that weighs 11.5 ounces. |
| Gossamer Thinlight Foam Pad (torso length) | 6.0 | Since Therm-a-Rest no longer makes a torso length pad I will go back to my old system and use the Gossamer Gear torso length pad with a short Nemo foam pad. |
Mike Unger’s backpack for the PCT SOBO. Photo by Liz Thomas.
Backpack
The now discontinued Onni Pack by Katabatic Gear has been my primary pack for the last two years. My spouse and I have logged nearly 4,000 miles on the 50L Liteskin and 65L V40 models. Each pack is still in great shape. The back mesh is still intact, and the stitching hasn’t frayed or loosened.
On my PCT southbound, I started with the 50L Liteskin Onni and switched to the 65L V40 version in the Sierra to better accommodate my bear can and extra clothes needed for the long hauls and cooler mountain weather. Unfortunately, Katabatic has stopped making backpacks. We hope they hope they start making backpacks again in the future.
My current thru hiking pack is the Six Moon Designs Swift X. With 50L of carrying capacity, I always have enough room for longer food or water carries. Their optional vest harness system works extremely well for me (and my spouse). The vest makes the pack feel secure and therefore the pack doesn’t affect my center of gravity the way most backpacks do.
You can read more about packs in my guides to The Best Backpacking Backpacks and How to Choose a Backpacking Backpack.
PCT Sobo Backpack Comparison Table
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Six Moon Designs Swift X 50L | 38.9 | Canada to Echo Lake, CA | 2,650 | This is a great thru hiking pack. It is large enough to handle a 5-6 day food carry and the suspension system and vest harness handles the occasional heavy load. |
| Pack Liner (Trash Compactor Bag) | 2.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | I prefer using a trash compactor bag as a pack liner rather than using dry bags or a pack cover. The compactor bag is very durable and it keeps me from compressing my quilt. This helps retain the quilt's loft and thus warmth. |
| Cotopaxi Fanny Pack | 4.0 | Ashland, OR to Mexico | 1,700 | Fanny packs are convenient for snacks and small items like hand sanitizer, sun glasses, etc.; I would prefer to add bigger hip pockets to my pack than carry a fanny pack. (see What I Would Change) |
Going stoveless means eating cold pizza on trail. Photo by Naomi Hudetz.
Cooking & Hydration
I decided to go stoveless for this PCT hike. I did this for convenience, not weight savings. Having hiked the PCT, and other long trails, with and without a stove, I don’t think going stoveless saves weight. What I like about going stoveless is that it’s nice not to have to worry about finding fuel.
In addition, going stoveless simplifies cleaning and reduces the need to camp near water. As a southbounder, I expected to find some water sources and caches to be dry, so not needing to camp near water was a benefit for me.
Sawyer Squeeze vs. Katadyn BeFree
I have used the Sawyer Squeeze as my primary water treatment for several years. However, I switched to the Katadyn BeFree water filter for a portion of this PCT hike. Several hikers claimed that the BeFree filter had better water flow–including Treeline Review’s own tests in our Best Backpacking Water Filter guide.
However, I found that while the BeFree had a better initial flow, after a couple of weeks, the flow was no better than the Sawyer Squeeze. While the BeFree’s method for maintaining and cleaning out dirty filters seems easier (shake it), the Sawyer’s syringe is far more effective at removing build-up. This led me to the conclusion that the Sawyer Squeeze is the better option for thru-hiking specifically.
One issue with the BeFree filter is that it does not fit a standard water bottle, like a Smart Water bottle. Instead, they come with their own water containers. The BeFree water bag has been widely panned because they are prone to leak. I paired my BeFree with CNOC’s BeFree-sized water container, which is much more reliable than BeFree’s containers. It worked well, but I prefer the versatility of the Sawyer Squeeze because I can use it as a gravity system (see PCT Favorite Gear) or attach the filter to a water bottle.
pct Cooking & Hydration gear list
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talenti Gelato Container | 1.8 | Throughout | 2,650 | The container never leaked. I got a free pint of gelato when I bought the container. |
| Toaks Long Handle Spoon | 0.7 | Throughout | 2,650 | I prefer long handle spoons because they are better at reaching food in bags and packaging. The Toaks spoon came with a small stuff sack which i love because it makes it easier to find my spoon in a food bag. |
| OPSAK Food Bag | 0.8 | Throughout | I don't rely on the odor proof claims; the bag's seal seldom last more than a couple of weeks. Nevertheless, I like the bag's durability and that I can see the food through the bag. | |
| CNOC 2 Liter Water Container | 2.6 | Throughout | 2,650 | This is a very durable water container. The wide bottom opening makes them very easy to fill from large water sources or small trickles. |
| Sawyer Squeeze Water Filter | 3.2 | Canada to Packwood, WA / Sisters, OR to Mexico | 2,350 | My favorite water treatment method. Just be sure to back flush at every town stop and keep it from freezing. I sleep with it in my quilt on freezing nights. |
Mike Unger in the Sierra on the PCT. Photo by Naomi Hudetz.
thru-hiking Clothes
Over the last couple of years, I’ve settled on a pretty consistent approach to clothes: I like pants and shorts with large, easy to access pockets. I recognize some thru-hikers prefer to wear running shorts, which tend not to have pockets, but pockets are an indispensable feature for me. You can read more about bottoms to wear in our Best Men’s Hiking Pants and Best Women’s Hiking Pants guide. If you prefer shorts, see our Best Men’s Hiking Shorts guide.
Many thru-hikers prefer running shorts. If that’s you, see our Best Thru-hiking Shorts guides.
On thru-hikes, I prefer wearing merino wool tops, but in buggy or hot conditions, I wear a long sleeve nylon blend shirt (the Patagonia Sun Stretch Shirt is by far my favorite). You can read more about sun shirts in our Best Sunshirts guide.
I always carry a wind shirt, lightweight puffy coat, and Buff. In cold and wet conditions, I add a fleece and tights. I don’t carry a lot of extra clothes, but in wet conditions, I always try to have something dry to wear in the tent at night.
PCT SoBO Clothing gear list
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WORN CLOTHING | ||||
| Patagonia Sun Stretch Shirt | 7.0 | Canada to Echo Lake, CA | 1,550 | This has long been my favorite sun shirt, especially in buggy areas. I particularly like the chest pockets. |
| Smartwool 1/4 Zip Long Sleeve Shirt | 6.8 | Kennedy Meadows to Mexico | 700 | I switched to a long sleeve merino wool top in So. Cal. |
| Patagonia Quandary Pants | 10.0 | Canada to Sisters, OR / Ashland, OR to Mexico | 2,350 | These pants are very durable. I like the stretchy, quick drying fabric, and ample pockets. |
| Prana Stretch Zion Shorts II | 10.4 | Sisters, OR to Ashland, OR | 300 | These have long been my favorite hiking shorts. |
PCT SOBO Electronics
Mike Unger’s TG-6 Olympus (left) vs. Liz Thomas’s TG-5 (right). Photo by Liz Thomas.
Compared to my other thru-hikes, on my PCT SOBO, I carried more gear requiring charging (phone, USB headlamp, Garmin Instinct watch, wireless earbuds). This was also my first hike in years with a camera, instead of relying on my phone for pictures. I carried the Olympus TG-6 , a waterproof and shockproof camera. I had hoped that a dedicated camera would encourage me to take more photos. For more recommendations on cameras, see our guide to The Best Rugged & Waterproof Cameras
One lesson I learned is that I need a large, accessible shoulder pocket to hold a camera (see What I Would Change).
As a result of carrying all these electronics, I felt the need to carry a large backup battery. Some thru-hikers opt for portable solar chargers. We still have yet to find a solar charger that works while strapped to a pack.
PCT SOBO Electronics gear list
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garmin inReach Mini 2 | 3.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | I used the inReach Mini 2 to send out hourly tracks and send text messages. I strongly recommend using the extended tracking feature to increase battery life. |
| Garmin Instinct 2 Solar Altimeter Watch | 2.0 | Throughout | 2,650 | I was very happy with the Garmin Instinct 2 Solar. I used it to track elevation, steps per day, heart rate, calories, and as an alarm clock (see Favorite Gear). |
| Garmin Tempe - Temperature Gauge | 0.5 | Throughout | 2,650 | The Tempe paired with my Garmin Instinct 2 watch to provide accurate temperature data throughout the day. |
| iPhone 14 | 6.1 | Throughout | 2,650 | I appreciate the improved water resistance of the newer Iphones. Nevertheless, I carry a phone size LOKSAK bag. |
| Olympus TG-6 Camera | 9.0 | Mammouth, CA to Mexico | 900 | This was the first time in years that I've carried a camera. I was happy with this shock and waterproof camera; however, I wish I had a large accessible shoulder pocket in order to access the camera more easily. |
Miscellaneous thru-hiking Items
The following are a number of other items I carried. For a full list of smaller backpacking items often left off of gear lists, see Essential Backpacking Accessories.
Miscellaneous backpacking Items gear list
| GEAR | WEIGHT (ounces) | WHEN USED | MILEAGE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BioLite 325 Headlamp | 1.8 | Throughout | 2,650 | This is a USB rechargeable headlamp that served me well (see Favorite Gear) |
| Trekking Poles - Black Diamond Pursuit FLZ | 18.0 | Throughout | 2,650 | The poles worked as intended. I am pretty rough on poles. This pair has completed the Arizona Trail and PCT this year. The dual flintlock mechanism were reliable. I found the tips needed to be replaced every 1,200-1,500 miles. |
| Replacement Trekking Pole Tips | 1.0 | |||
| Suunto M-3 D Leader Compass | 1.6 | Throughout | 2,650 | I always carry a quality compass on long hikes. Phone and watch compasses can fail. |
| Bear Vault BV500 (Bear Can) | 41.0 | Sonora Pass to Kennedy Meadows | 300 |
Why You Should Trust Us & About The Authors
Naomi Hudetz is director of analytics and digital innovation and leads business strategy and revenue operations for Treeline Review. She brings decades of private sector experience in project management, budget and pricing projection, and long-term business vision, strategy, and goals.
Naomi left her corporate career to pursue her passion for the outdoors. She received the Triple Crown award for hiking for completing the Appalachian Trail, Pacific Crest, and Continental Divide Trail and has hiked numerous other distance routes including the Great Divide Trail across the Canadian Rockies (twice), Grand Enchantment Trail, Pacific Northwest Trail, the Arizona Trail (most of) the Idaho Centennial Trail, the first known thru-hike of the Blue Mountains Trail, and the Oregon Deser. She served as an executive board member of the American Long Distance Hiking Association-West and is based in White Salmon, Washington. You can read all her articles on her Treeline Review author page.
Mike Unger left his high-stress corporate job to thru hike the Pacific Crest Trail in 2006. That experience forever changed him, and he purposefully re-arranged his life to allow for as much adventuring as possible. Today, he’s closing in on 28,000 miles on North American long trails and is one of a handful of people who is Double Triple Crowner, having hiked the Appalachian Trail, Pacific Crest, and Continental Divide Trails each twice. He’s also hiked the John Muir Trail, Great Divide Trail, Grand Enchantment Trail, Pacific Northwest Trail, Arizona Trail (twice), Oregon Desert Trail, and the first known thru-hike of the Blue Mountains Trail. He’s also picked up another passion along the way: long-distance bike packing, including the 1,850-mile Pacific Coast route. When he’s not hiking or biking, he’s probably planning his next trip and/or researching gear. You can see all articles by Mike Unger on his Treeline Review author page.
Liz Thomas is an award-winning writer and Editor-in-Chief of Treeline Review. A former Fastest Known Time (FKT) record holder on the Appalachian Trail. She was guest editor at Backpacker Magazine, where she is currently the columnist of “Ask a Thru-hiker” and instructor of their online class, Thru-hiking 101. Her first book, Long Trails: Mastering the Art of the Thru-hike, was the recipient of the National Outdoor Book Award for Best Instructional Book called by judges destined to become the “Bible of the Sport.” Liz has talked gear on Good Morning America (TV), in The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, Buzzfeed, The Washington Post, Men’s Journal, Women’s Health, Gizmodo, and Outside Magazine. She represented the sport of hiking at President Obama’s Great American Outdoors Initiative. You can read all of Liz’s articles on her website or Treeline Review author page.
